学者翻译名著连“庚子赔款”英文名都认不出
2009年12月01日 11:45东方早报 】 【打印共有评论0

该节引用佛教史料,统计支那内学院在三十年代的驻院学生人数:“《中国佛教》,1.1:7(1930年4月),提到有二十位进步学生在册,显然是指总共有二十位学生,都是进步的。另一条资料也说,1936年内学院大约有二十位进步学生在册(《中国年鉴1936-1937》,第1445页)。”(Chinese Buddhist,1.1:7[April 1930], mentions an enrollment of twenty advanced students, apparently meaning that there was a total of twenty students, all advanced. The same enrollment-"about twenty advanced students"-is given for the school in 1936[Chinese Year Book, 1936-1937, p.1445].)对读英文原文,所谓“进步学生”(advanced students)不过是说“(程度)较高的学生”(汉译本第93页的“进步学僧”同此误),而“显然是指”(apparently meaning)并非如此“显然”,应译“似乎是指”。“apparently”兼有“明显”和“似乎”两义,如何翻译应随具体情况具体处理,但汉译者时常拿捏不好。

第九章第二节“内地与西藏的交往”第149页,尉迟酣提到他的某位受访人(informant)生于南京,自幼家境贫寒,年轻时对佛教就有兴趣,后来在内学院结识吕澂,被劝以入藏求法,习西藏文,将来学成归来,可以翻译藏文典籍(Born of a poor family in Nanking, he had become interested in Buddhism as a young man. He got to know Lü Ch'eng at the Metaphysical Institute, who urged him to go to Tibet so that he could learn the language and someday return to translate Tibetan books.)。汉译至此尚无大错,但随后就突然冒出一句莫名其妙的话来:“1933年,重庆郊外的太虚学校已经有了一名僧人,他加入进去并凭自己的资质成为一名喇嘛弟子。”(In 1933, already a monk, he enrolled at T'ai-hsü's school outside Chungking and became a disciple of a lama on the faculty.)其实这句话还是在说这个被吕澂劝说入藏求法的年轻人,“已经有了一名僧人”、“并凭自己的资质”云云,纯属对原文文法和词汇的误解。正确的译法是:“到1933年时,他已出家有日,乃入重庆郊外太虚所创汉藏教理院,拜某驻院喇嘛为师。”

同节提到太虚法师1925年春在北京中山公园讲《仁王护国经》:“有时候有一千多人过来听,有些人主要是启蒙,他们将看到的有仁学特色的宗教名词和刚刚听到的护国佛经联系起来。”(Sometimes a thousand persons came to listen, and many of them took the primary initiation, receiving a religious name with the character jen to link them with the patriotic sutra they had just heard.)这段译文充分显示译者不熟悉所谓“佛教英文”(Buddhist English),把意思全部理解错了。正确的译法是:“听众日常千人,内有多人初发信心(took the primary initiation),所得法名‘仁’字(the character jen)为首,彼等因听《仁王》而得发心故。”

第十章“宗派与分歧”绪论部分,提到重兴天台宗的谛闲法师“信徒超过十万”(第164页)。同页脚注1解释说:“‘信徒’当然大部分是逃难的追随者,而非僧人。” (“Disciples” means, of course, mostly Refuges disciples, not monks.)所谓“逃难的追随者”(Refuges disciples),译文大误。首字母大写的“Refuges”其实是“The Three Refuges”(三皈依=皈依佛、皈依法、皈依僧)的简称,“Refuges disciples”应译“三皈弟子”,也就是与僧侣相对的普通俗家信徒。汉译第77页提到某香港富商提议由虚云担任南华寺的住持,“因为他三年前曾在鼓山受过虚云的开示”(He suggested Hsü-yün, from whom he had received the Refuges three years earlier at Ku Shan),这也是误解了“Refuges”的意思,正确的译法是“他三年前曾在鼓山皈依虚云”。

同章第一节“密教”第165到166页,讲述北京藏文学院(由汉庙慈因寺改建)西康喇嘛多结究巴格根(Dorje Tsripa Gegen,汉译误作“多觉究巴格根”)每日在殿(shrine-hall)上主持三次法事功课:“做功课时,僧人站着唱诵,学生们就像在禅堂一样静坐,同时各自专心默诵最适合于其性格和修行阶段的经咒。”(Here, where Chinese monks had once stood to chant the liturgy, the students sat on cushions, as silent as in a meditation hall, each concentrating on the mantra or sutra that was most suitable to his character and stage of development.)汉译不仅省略了部分内容,而且有严重误解。正确译法是:“殿中本是(原来慈因寺)汉僧站立诵经之处,(藏文学院)学僧却坐在蒲团上,像在禅堂(meditation hall)里一样寂默不语,系念于最适应自己根性和修行位次的经(sutra)咒(mantra)。”

据说这位多结究巴格根喇嘛咒术通神,曾令一个汉族学僧被天女(Apsaras)附体,突然大讲特讲蒙古话起来。说完这个故事后,汉译本出现了很费解的一句话:“在事情发生过程中,学生们因为不知道神灵们要如何行动,所以他们手指握得格格直响地注视着他们进入法堂。”(At all times, because of uncertainty as to how the spirits were going to behave, the students would give notice of their arrival by snapping their fingers when they entered the shrine-hall.)汉译的难解,源于译者把这句话理解成和上文叙述的天女附体一事有关。可是,事实上这句话已经离开了那个故事,在讲述“平日里”(at all times)的一般情况了。正确译法是:“平日里,(藏文学院的)学僧无法确知(殿中)鬼神将有何动作,所以他们每次进殿前,必弹指(向鬼神)以示他们的到来。”大家应该注意到了,“shrine-hall”的对译是“殿”(tien),而非汉译本的“法堂”。“法堂”的英文名字是“dharma hall”。

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作者: 高山杉   编辑: 刘嵩
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